Israel and Humanity - Rabbinic Legislation
II
The Noachide Sabbath .
§ 1.
RABBINICAL LEGISLATION
it must be remembered first of all, as we said above, the Noachide has the ability to observe his choice of one or more of the precepts mosaics and therefore the Sabbath is one of the observances which he may download freely. But we must add further that the rabbinic tradition requires the simple way of proselytizing, the true Noachide, a half rest on the seventh day. This requirement seems therefore consistent with the text of Isaiah that we have quoted above and it illuminates precisely in the direction indicated, and two other passages of the Prophet. The first reads the same chapter as the previous "Happy the man who did this and the son of Adam, who sticks to it, who observes the Sabbath so as not to desecrate and watch on his hand from doing any evil [1]. The second offering is unique in that it refers not only to the Sabbath as a solemnity future of all mankind, another party, the new moon or first day of the month, as he ends a period and opened a new one: "A each and every new moon sabbath all flesh come to worship before me, saith the LORD [2] [3] The exodus, about the observation of Sabbath, said simply: "The seventh day thou shalt rest ... and the son of thy handmaid, and the proselyte may rest [4] ". But Rashi commenting on this text adds: "The slave question is this uncircumcised and the slave is the proselyte proselyte of the gate (in other words one who was not bound to the Mosaic practice). The sacred writer himself, by mentioning the fact that after the slaves proselyte, shows that it is not enough of one whose affiliation to Judaism is complete.
The opinions of the doctors, it is true, are divided on the observance of the Sabbath by the proselyte free. The Talmud begins by establishing that the proselyte in question is the simple Noachide and Rashi to explain this extraordinary provision, said that the Scripture teaches us to treat the violator of the Sabbath to idolatry, from which it follows that the Noachide would be required, not least that the true Israelite, in observing the Sabbath as the practice of monotheism. Tosafot looking good to lessen the scope of this statutory provision limiting the prohibition of work to those who are executed on behalf of the Israelite. But the text does not contain such an interpretation, not to proselyte the orders of the Israelite as a slave, it would be absurd to compare it to the latter. The discussions of the rabbis also leave no doubt about it, we find reported in the Talmud, among others, the Treaty Sanhedrin [5]. One believes that the Noachide can work on the Sabbath for its own account as Jewish during the feast days of half-missing footnote .('). R. Akiba, instead contends that it must observe the Sabbath in the same way that observes the Jewish holiday Yom tob or . Finally, after R. Jehuda and R. Simon, any kind of work would be permitted to the Jew as ordinary days. Rashi in his commentary seems to favor the first two views and an author noted here that the observation of the Sabbath by the partial Noachide is a testament to his belief that God created the world, lest he be confused point with the worshipers of false gods.
But at the same time that the rabbis argue about the nature and limits of the Sabbath rest for the Gentiles, we see [6] with a singular approximation at least, the pagans discuss Rest imposed holidays. Thus Macrobius tells us: "Scaevola consulted on the occupations that might be permitted during the weekdays, said:" Those whose omission would be detrimental [7] ". It is not only the meaning but the very form of the sentence to indicate rabbinical kind of work permit. Macrobius adds "Are allowed to do the works of gods and worship or to provide for the necessities of life." So in the Temple of Jerusalem were also defended the works they not allowed and those necessary for the preservation of life are not they also tolerated the holidays? Even the examples cited by Macrobius, like the father removing his ox or repairing the gap in the beam of the roof, which are under rabbinical casuistry. Virgil tells his side of legitimate work holidays which scrutiny was similarly made by the Rabbis.
We can see already that not only Judaism provides a Sabbath rest for the Gentiles, but that observation had become popular in the Greco-Roman, as we will show even better in the future.
