It is clear to all that this is a crucial question which depends largely on the religious future of humanity. If the objection was based rationalist, he is no longer possible to appeal to the authority of revelation Hebrew with her would collapse at the same time Christianity and Islam that attach both the old trunk Israel and mankind would be doomed to start over and join perhaps forever, like Sisyphus, the crushing weight of his aspirations without ever being able to reach the desired peak. But it seems that our opponents do not take sufficient account of all direct evidence of monotheism as we indiscriminately drawn from every book of the Pentateuch; more extrinsic evidence of Mosaic monotheism does not make us miss.
Strabo, Tacitus and others mentioned by Josephus, agree to recognize in the ancient Jewish monotheism as absolute. Strabo even pushed this notion of unity to the ends of pantheism and we must admit that it had to base his opinion either on the direct study of the Mosaic books, either on the idea that long since the Gentiles were the religion of Israel. Among the more modern authors we cite Spinoza and Salvador are one and the other to be attributed to Moses the doctrine of absolute identity of pantheistic monism. Speaking of Jews he described as beyond the metaphysical speculations of India and Chaldea, Mr. Maury said, "these pastors that God had found a simple and universal nature teaches us. The Mosaic endowed the world with the idea of divine unity, unity with a rigor and an absolute only to be found in any other religion of antiquity. Only he taught <ref> Page 155 </ref> that God created purely by thought, be supreme and eternal, which has not changed, and that will not end, and <i> aeternum neque illud summum mutabile interiturum neque, < /i> as Tacitus commenting Renan, these words of Exodus: the LORD shall reign forever "<ref> Religions of Greece, Volume III, p. 482. </Ref>. Many critics attribute to be Semites in general, like Renan, or to Jews in particular, as Munk, intuition and original primitive monotheism. Therefore is it not natural to look for traces in the oldest religious documents and award forms polytheistic, which occur in these writings to an action, while external circumstances?
Say again, before turning to the detailed examination of the most important objections of the critics that modern rationalists we provide arguments in favor of Mosaic monotheism by the excess of their negations. They claim that the Pentateuch contains only one embryo angelology, which would establish them elsewhere cons antiquity and authenticity of the books of Moses, therefore prior to the time of contact Assyrian, Babylonian and Persian who introduced, we are told, in Judaism the doctrine of angels. But more is absent or rudimentary state of angelology suppose at this time a peaceful reign of pure and absolute monotheism that would not have any room for the idea of supernatural beings fulfilling the role of lesser gods, while the opposite is polytheism to highly endorses this approach. The contradiction is especially striking when the critical challenges in early Judaism the idea of Satan, the evil angel, for it is undeniable that the distinction between the good principle and the principle of evil, the god of good and evil god, is an early form that is naturally polytheism. Unlike the strict monotheism, tends to eliminate or overshadow any idea of power that could rival the one God and we said Isaiah grows so far the spirit of Mosaic monotheism, in his words to the address of Persian dualism, it has the holy boldness to call God the author of evil.