Changes
→Terminology and origin
{{For|the tanna|Judah HaNasi}}
{{For|other related terms|Honorifics in Judaism}}
'''Rebbe''' which means ''master, teacher, or mentor'' is a [[Yiddish]] word derived from the identical [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word '''"רבי"''' ([[Rabbi]]). It mostly refers to the leader of a [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] [[Jewish]] movement. In accordance with Yiddish pronunciation norms, the stress is on the first syllable and the final vowel is sometimes reduced to a [[shwa]].
==Usage==
Today ''rebbe'' has three meanings:
# The leader of a ''[[Hasidic Judaism|chasidus]]'' (hasidic movement) is called a ''rebbe''. His followers would address him as "the ''Rebbe''" or refer to him when speaking to others as "the ''rebbe''" or "my ''rebbe''". He would be referred to by others as the ''rebbe'' of a particular ''chasidus''. It is this definition that is the focus of this article. In Hebrew, a chasidic rebbe is often referred to as an ''admor'', which is an abbreviation for '''''Ad'''oneinu, '''Mo'''reinu, ve'''R'''abbenu'' ("Our master, our teacher, and our rabbi"). In writing, this title is placed before the name of the ''chasidus'', as in "Admor of Belz"; while the title ''rebbe'' comes after the name of the ''chasidus'' when used as an adjective, as in "Amshinever Rebbe".
# A person's main [[rosh yeshiva]] or mentor, who teaches (or taught) him/her Torah or gives guidance, would be referred to as "my ''rebbe''".
# [[Yeshiva]] students or ''[[cheider]]'' (elementary school) students, when talking to their teacher, would address him with the honorific ''rebbe''. They would also refer to him when speaking to their classmates as "the ''rebbe''" or when speaking to others as "my ''rebbe''".
In the ''[[yeshivish]]'' world, when not referring to a hasidic ''rebbe'', the word may be pronounced "rebbee".
==Terminology and origin==
The Hebrew letters for ''rebbe'', ''resh''-''bet''-''yud'', according to some interpretations, form an acronym for "'''r'''osh '''b'''nei '''y'''isroel", meaning "the spiritual head of the [[Children of Israel]]". More than just a [[rabbi]], a ''rebbe'' by definition needs to be a [[Tzaddik]]; and if his influence is felt even outside of his own circles then he would also be considered a ''[[manhig Yisroel]]'', (one of the spiritual leaders of his generation).
The Sages of the [[Mishnah]] known as the ''[[tannaim]]'', from the [[1st century|1st]] and [[2nd century|2nd]] centuries of the common era, were known by the title ''Rabbi'', for example Rabbi [[Akiva]] and Rabbi [[Simeon bar Yohai|Shimon bar Yochoy]]. Rabbi [[Judah haNasi|Yehudah haNasi]], the leader of Jewry, was simply called ''Rabbi'', meaning "''the'' Rebbe".
The Sages of the [[Talmud]] known as the ''[[Amoraim]]'' from the [[3rd century|3rd]], [[4th century|4th]] and early [[5th century|5th]] centuries, those born in the [[Land of Israel]], were called ''Rabbi''; but those born in the [[diaspora]] were known by the title ''[[Rav]]''.
[[Image:Rabbiofzidichov.JPG|right|thumb|Rebbe [[Naftali Tzvi Labin of Zidichov]]]]
==Distinctions between ''rebbe'' and ''rav''==
A rebbe is distinct from a '[[rav]]' or 'rov' (a word usually translated as rabbi, who is a leader of an Orthodox Jewish community, either hasidic or non-hasidic) in that a significant function of a rav is to answer questions of ''[[halacha]]'' (Jewish law). It is not uncommon for a hasidic [[Jew]] to have a rebbe as a spiritual guide and to go to a (another) rav for a ruling on an issue of religious law. Unlike a ''Rav'' who has to be a man; there have been a few female rebbes; among them the [[Maiden of Ludmir]].
''Chasidim'' use the term to denote someone that they perceive not only as the religious leader of their congregation, but as their spiritual adviser and mentor. A rebbe is someone whose views and advice are accepted not only on issues of religious dogma and practice, but in all arenas of life, including political and social issues.
There may be non-''chasidim'' who use the concept of a (non-hasidic) rebbe in this context and would also use this term. Example: "I will ask my rebbe, Rabbi so-and-so, for advice about this personal matter."
Among chasidim, a rebbe is referred to in Hebrew as "''Admor''", and a rav is often referred to as "''Av Beis Din''", the leader of a [[beth din]], even if he does not lead any beth din. In some instances, such as [[Munkacs]] and [[Sanz]], the two terms are sometimes interchangeable. <!-- is this really so common? I never heard of someone being called Av Beis Din when he is not. -->
==Chasidic rebbes==
The first and greatest chasidic ''rebbe'' was the founder of Chasidism, ''Rebbe [[Israel ben Eliezer|Yisroel Baal Shem Tov]]''. During his lifetime he was referred to mainly as "The Holy One" rather than as "Rebbe," and his disciples were "magidim" or "preachers", such as the Magid of Chernobyl or the Magid of Rovno (now known as the Magid of Mezritsh). The first "rebbe" to be known as such was the Baal Shem Tov's grandson, Rabbi Boruch of [[Medzhibozh (Hasidic dynasty)|Mezhbizh]] who was referred to as "The Rebbe" during his lifetime. After him, those who rose to positions of leadership and their successors began to be called ''rebbe''. The title gradually came to suggest a higher spiritual status.
Each chasidic group refers to its leader as "The Rebbe."
Outside of chasidic circles the term "Grand Rabbi" has been used to refer to a rebbe. The practice became widespread in America in the early 1900s when chasidic rebbes began to emigrate to the United States and a title in English was needed to distinguish them from other "rabbis".
As an example, Grand Rabbi [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]], the leader of the [[Chabad Lubavitch]] Chasidim, was referred to as "The Rebbe" by Lubavitcher Chassidim; and to non-Lubavitchers he was called the ''Lubavitcher Rebbe'' or the ''Chabad'sker Rebbe''.
==Relationship of chasidim to their rebbe==
A [[Chassidism|chasidic]] rebbe is generally understood to be an exceptionally righteous person (called a "[[tzaddik]]"). According to [[Kabbalah]] (and particularly the chasidic understanding of Kabbalah), the world is sustained on the "shoulders" of several exceptionally righteous people in a generation ''(tzaddikim)''. These people are understood to have perfected their personal service of God to such an extent that they become literally and physically aware of God. These righteous people's perception (of both spiritual and physical, not to mention temporal matters) transcends the apparent boundaries of existence, such that a Rebbe will appear to be able to "see the future," or at least have strong insight into the life and trials of another. Furthermore, a rebbe is said to be able to affect divine providence.
As a result, chasidim in some chasidic circles seek their rebbe's advice for a variety of concerns: spiritual, physical, and even business concerns. Furthermore, many people seek the blessing ''(brocho)'' of a rebbe (and a chosid will specifically seek the blessing of his own rebbe) for anything from minor (and all the more so major) physical troubles, to grand spiritual concerns. Many famous and common stories of a rebbe's intervention involve women who successfully seek a rebbe's blessing for fertility so that they can conceive after having been barren for many years.
Given a rebbe's physical awareness of God, and the Rebbe's transcendent perception of Godliness, many chasidim take special care to observe the specific and sometimes minute practices of their Rebbe. Even things that seem mundane may nonetheless be seen by chasidim as incredibly significant. For example, [[Lubavitch|Lubavitcher]] chasidim frequently shape their fedoras to match the way that the Lubavitcher Rebbe shaped his hat-which was more flat then many others. Many [[Skver]]er chasidim (of the Skverer Rebbe in [[New Square]]) wear their [[peyos]] identical to those of the Skverer Rebbe. While chasidim do not always follow the specific practices of their rebbe, the rebbe is able to create practices that may be specific and unique to his chasidim. For example, Rabbi Aaron Roth (''Reb Areleh'', as he was called) the first rebbe of [[Toldos Aharon|Shomer Emunim]], told his chasidim to pause frequently while eating their meals in order to keep them from overindulging (while this practice may be viewed as meritorious even outside of that circle, it is nonetheless a practice that is unique to the chasidim of Shomer Emunim and its offshoots).
A chosid will usually love his rebbe like a close family member, if not more so. But the degree and nature of this belief varies depending on the movement. In some movements the chasidim believe that their rebbe is the "''tzadik hador''" (greatest and holiest saint of the generation) and would regard any thought that detracts from his perfection and holiness as heresy. Other sects lessen this idealization to some degree or another. Since many rebbes are sons-in-law or students of other rebbes, it makes sense that they would view themselves as subordinate to those other rebbes. Nonetheless, their chasidim remain loyal to them because of their special loyalty, a family connection, or a belief that a specific ''[[tzaddik]]'' (though there may be others of greater spiritual stature) connects best with one's soul. For example, the [[Kosov (Hasidic dynasty)|Kosov]]er Rebbe makes yearly pilgrimages to the [[Tosh (Hasidic dynasty)|Tosher]] Rebbe. Nonetheless, his chasidim remain very loyal to him. The most well-known "rebbe of rebbes" was the [[Satmar]]er Rebbe, Rabbi [[Joel Teitelbaum]].
==Functions carried out by Rebbes==
There are some functions which are exclusively the domain of hasidic rebbes:
* Reading ''kvitlekh''
* Leading a ''tish''
Others are not exclusive to hasidic rebbes, but are often an important part of their role:
* Participating in family celebrations of the chasidim, such as weddings and ''[[bris]]n'' (circumcision ceremony)
* Performing mitzvos etc. in the presence of their chasidim, such as kindling the [[Chanuka]] lights and drawing water to bake [[matzo]]s with
* Leading the prayers on Shabbos, Holy Days and other special occasions
* Delivering learned or inspirational discourses
===''Kvitlekh''===
A rebbe has times when chasidim (and other petitioners) may come for a private audience.
A ''kvitl'' (Yiddish for note, plural ''kvitlekh'') is a note with the name of the petitioner and a short request for which the rebbe is asked to pray. The formula in which a person's name is written is one's own Hebrew name, the son/daughter of one's mother's Hebrew name, such as ''Shimon ben Rivkah'' (Simeon the son of Rebecca). Hasidim believe that rebbes read supernaturally "between the lines" of a ''kvitl'', and in every hasidic movement there are numerous anecdotes relating how the rebbe saw things that were not written in the ''kvitl''. In most hasidic groups, the ''kvitl'' is written by the rebbe's ''[[gabbai|gabbe]]'' (secretary), however sometimes the petitioner writes it him or her self. Usually, but with some exceptions, a ''pidyon'' (redemption) of cash is customarily handed to the rebbe under the ''kvitl'', however this is not obligatory. This is considered to be the conduit through which the blessing is given, and a redemption for the soul of the petitioner. ("A gift makes its receiver glad" is given as an explanation: a blessing only comes from a joyous heart.) It is also customary to tip the ''gabbe'', although this too is not obligatory.
[[Image:bostonertischbeitar.jpg|right|thumb|The Bostoner Rebbe ''feert [[Tish (Hasidic celebration)|tish]]'' in his synagogue in Beitar Illit, Israel]]
===''Tish''===
A rebbe conducts a ''[[Tish (Hasidic celebration)|tish]]'' ({{lang-yi|פֿירט טיש}}: ''feert tish'') - a (communal festive) meal with highly mystical overtones - on [[Shabbat|Shabbos]] and other occasions. At a tish the rebbe distributes ''shirayim'' (lit. remainders) to the chasidim seated at or gathered round the table (Yiddish: טיש table).
==Chasidic movements==
In [[Israel]], some of the best known chasidic groups are those of [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belz]], [[Boston (Hasidic dynasty) |Boston]], [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Ger]], [[Karlin (Hasidic dynasty)|Karlin]], [[Nadvorna (Hasidic dynasty)|Nadvorna]], [[Slonim (Hasidic dynasty)|Slonim]], [[Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Vizhnitz]], and [[Dushinsky (Hasidic dynasty)|Dushinsky]], each having their own Rebbe. Some of the larger or better known chasidic groups in the [[United States|United States of America]] are [[Bobov (Hasidic dynasty)|Bobov]], [[Klausenburg (Hasidic dynasty)|Klausenburg]], [[Chabad Lubavitch|Lubavitch]], [[Munkacs (Hasidic dynasty)|Munkatch]], [[Puppa (Hasidic dynasty)|Puppa]], [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Satmar]], [[Skulen (Hasidic dynasty)|Skulen]], [[Skver (Hasidic dynasty)|Skver]], [[Chernobyl (Hasidic dynasty)|Tshernobl]]. A more complete list of chasidic groups can be found [[List of Hasidic dynasties|here.]]
Some chasidic rebbes have thousands of followers, or disciples, called ''chasidim'', whilst others may number only a few hundred. Some only have a title, but do not have a following beyond their own family members and a few congregants in their [[synagogue]]s.
Rebbes are usually called by the Yiddish name of the geographic region in which they or their predecessors gained prominence: e.g., the first Bobover Rebbe lived in Bobowa (Poland), the first Skulener Rebbe lived in Skuleny (Transcarpathia), the first [[Munkacs (Hasidic dynasty)|Munkatch]]er Rebbe in [[Munkacs]], [[Ukraine]] and the first Bostoner Rebbe started to serve as a rebbe in Boston, MA, USA.
Some chasidim, such as the [[Breslov (Hasidic dynasty)|Breslover]], follow their deceased Rebbe, Rabbi [[Nachman of Breslav]]. Similarly, the Lubavitcher chasidim follow the last deceased Rebbe, Rabbi [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]], who died childless, and his followers continue to follow and venerate him after his passing.
Hundred of groups of chasidim and thousands of Rebbes, have been since the founding of ''Chasidus''. Some have established dynasties, and some dynasties have come to an end, leaving their writings or legacy. Some have been renewed by their descendants or by a spiritual descendant. Some have no Chasidim only a ''[[Shul]]'', and some don't have a ''Shul'', but they do have ''chasidim''. Some have neither ''chasidim'' nor a Shul, only a title.
==Links to rebbes of different dynasties==
[[Aleksander (Hasidic dynasty)|Alexander]] | [[Alesk (Hasidic dynasty)|Alesk]] | [[Amshinov (Hasidic dynasty)|Amshinov]] | [[Anipoli (Hasidic dynasty)|Anipoli]] | [[Apta (Hasidic dynasty)|Apt]] | [[Ovruch|Avritch]] | [[Baruch Ashlag|Ashlag]] | [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belz]] | [[Berditchev (Hasidic dynasty)|Berditchev]] | [[Beregsaz (Hasidic dynasty)|Beregsaz]] | [[Biala (Hasidic dynasty)|Biala]] | [[Błażowa|Bluzhov]] | [[Bobov]] | [[Bohush]] | [[Boston (Hasidic dynasty)|Boston]] | [[Boyan (Hasidic dynasty)|Boyan]] | [[Burshtin (Hasidic dynasty)|Burshtin]] | [[Chabad Lubavitch]] | [[Osrov-Henzin (Hasidic dynasty)#Outline of Ozharov dynasty|Chentshin]] | [[Chernobyl (Hasidic dynasty)|Chernobyl]] | [[Chernivtsi|Chernovitz]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)|Cheshenov]] | [[Chortkov (Hasidic dynasty)|Chortkov]] | [[Chust (Hasidic dynasty)|Chust]] | [[Cleveland (Hasidic dynasty)|Cleveland]] |
[[Dej|Deyzh]] | [[Munkacs (Hasidic dynasty)#Dynasty|Dinov]] | [[Dombrov (Hasidic dynasty)|Dombrov]] | [[Dorog (Hasidic dynasty)|Dorog]] | [[Drohobych|Drohobitch]] | [[Dushinsky (Hasidic dynasty)|Dushinsky]] | [[Ropshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Dzikov]] | [[Faltichan (Hasidic dynasty)|Faltichan]] | [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Ger]] | [[Ropshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Glogov]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Offshoots|Gorlitz]] | [[Grodzisk]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Offshoots|Grybov]] | [[Chernobyl (Hasidic dynasty)|Hornsteipel]] | [[Chernobyl (Hasidic dynasty)|Hornostaypil-Milwaukee]] | [[Hosiatyn|Husiatyn]] | [[Izbica|Izbitze]] |
[[Kalov (Hasidic dynasty)|Kalov]] | [[Kaminka (Hasidic dynasty)|Kaminka]] | [[Kapust (Hasidic dynasty)|Kapust]] | [[Karlin (Hasidic Dynasty)|Karlin-Stolin]] | [[Kashou (Hasidic dynasty)|Kashou]] | [[Kerestir (Hasidic dynasty)|Kerestir]] | [[Klausenberg (Hasidic dynasty)|Klausenberg]] | [[Slonim (Hasidic dynasty)# Outline of Slonimer Dynasty|Kobrin]] | [[Koidanov (Hasidic dynasty)|Koidanov]] |[[Komarno (Hasidic dynasty)|Komarno]] | [[Kopychyntsi|Kopyczynitz]] | [[Korec|Korets]] | [[Koson (Hasidic dynasty)|Koson]] | [[Kosov (Hasidic dynasty)|Kosov]] | [[Menachem Mendel of Kotzk|Kotsk]] | [[Kozhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Kozhnitz]] | [[Kozlov (Hasidic dynasty)|Kozlov]] | [[Kretchenif (Hasidic dynasty)|Kretchenif]] | [[Spinka (Hasidic dynasty)#Lineage of Spinka Rebbes of the Horowitz Family|Krula]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Offshoots|Kshanov]] | [[Kutna (Hasidic dynasty)|Kutna]] | [[Kazimierz Dolny|Kuzmir]] |
[[Łańcut|Lantzhit]] | [[Slonim (Hasidic dynasty)# Outline of Slonimer Dynasty|Lechovitsh]] | [[Lelov (Hasidic dynasty)|Lelov]] | [[Liozna (Hasidic dynasty)|Liozna]] | [[Liske (Hasidic dynasty)|Liske]] | [[Karlin (Hasidic dynasty)#Outline of Lineage of Karliner Dynasty|Lutsk]] |
[[Machanovka (Hasidic dynasty)|Machnovka]] | [[Makarov (Hasidic dynasty)|Makarov]] | [[Makove (Hasidic dynasty)|Makove]] | [[Manestrishtze (Hasidic dynasty)|Manestrishtze]] | [[Mattersdorf]] | [[Ropshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Melitz]] | [[Medzhibozh (Hasidic dynasty)|Mezhbizh]] | [[Milwaukee]] | [[Modzitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Modzitz]] | [[Mogelnitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Mogelnitz]] | [[Nadvorna (Hasidic dynasty)#Dynasty|Mosholu]] | [[Munkacs (Hasidic dynasty)|Munkatch]] | [[Muzhay (Hasidic dynasty)|Muzhay]] |
[[Nadvorna (Hasidic dynasty)|Nadvorna]] | [[Narol (Hasidic dynasty)|Narol]] | [[Naszód|Nassod]] | [[Shmelke of Nikolsburg|Nikolsburg]] | [[Nitra]] | [[Mińsk Mazowiecki|Novominsk]] | [[Ostrof (Hasidic dynasty)|Ostrof]] | [[Osrov-Henzin (Hasidic dynasty)|Ozharov]] | [[Karlin (Hasidic dynasty)#Pinsk-Karlin|Pinsk-Karlin]] | [[Pittsburg (Hasidic dynasty)|Pittsburg]] | [[Porisov (Hasidic dynasty)|Porisov]] | [[Premishlan (Hasidic dynasty)|Premishlan]] | [[Przemyśl|Pshemish]] | [[Pshevorsk (Hasidic dynasty)|Pshevorsk]] | [[Przysucha|Pshischa]] | [[Puppa (Hasidic dynasty)|Pupa]] | [[Rachev (Hasidic dynasty)|Rachev]] | [[Rachmastrivka (Hasidic dynasty)|Rachmastrivka]] | [[Radomsko|Radomsk]] | [[Radoshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Radoshitz]] | [[Radzyń|Radzin]] | [[Ratzfert]] | [[Menachem Mendel of Rimanov|Rimanov]] | [[Rimnitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Rimnitz]] | [[Rizhin (Hasidic dynasty)|Rizhin]] | [[Ropshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Ropshitz]] |
[[Sadigura (Hasidic dynasty)|Sadigura]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)|Sanz]] | [[Sasregen (Hasidic dynasty)|Sasregen]] | [[Sassov (Hasidic dynasty)|Sassov]] | [[Satmar]] | [[Moshe Zvi of Savran|Savran]] | [[Seret (Hasidic dynasty)|Seret]] | [[Shedlitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Shedlitz]] | [[Shenitza (Hasidic dynasty)|Shenitza]] | [[Shepetivka]] | [[Shidlovtza (Hasidic dynasty)|Shidlovtza]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Offshoots|Shinova]] | [[Shomer Emunim (Hasidic dynasty)|Shomer Emunim]] | [[Shotz (Hasidic dynasty)|Shotz]] | [[Shpikov (Hasidic dynasty)|Shpikov]] |[[Shtefanesht (Hasidic dynasty)|Shtefanesht]] | [[Skole|Skolye]] | [[Skula (Hasidic dynasty)|Skula]] | [[Skulen (Hasidic dynasty)|Skulen]] | [[Skver (Hasidic dynasty)|Skver]] | [[Slonim (Hasidic dynasty)|Slonim]] | [[Sochatshov (Hasidic dynasty)|Sochatshov]] | [[Spinka (Hasidic dynasty)|Spinka]] | [[Stanislav (Hasidic dynasty)|Stanislav]] | [[Ropshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Stitshin]] | [[Strashelye (Hasidic dynasty)|Strashelye]] | [[Stretin (Hasidic dynasty)|Stretin]] | [[Strikov (Hasidic dynasty)|Strikov]] | [[Ropshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Strizov]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Offshoots|Stropkov]] | [[Nadvorna (Hasidic dynasty)#Dynasty|Strozhnitz]] | [[Sudylkov (Hasidic dynasty)|Sudylkov]] | [[Sulitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Sulitz]] |
[[Tshenstechov (Hasidic dynasty)|Tshenstechov]] | [[Tshenstkovitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Tshenstkovitz]] | [[Temesvár|Temishvar]] | [[Toldos Aharon (Hasidic dynasty)|Toldos Aharon]] | [[Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok (Hasidic dynasty)|Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok]] | [[Chernobyl (Hasidic dynasty)|Tolno]] | [[Toltchav (Hasidic dynasty)|Toltchav]] | [[Tosh (Hasidic dynasty)|Tosh]] | [[Chernobyl (Hasidic dynasty)|Trisk]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Offshoots|Tshokava]] | [[Vienna|Vien]] | [[Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Vizhnits]] | [[Warka|Vurka]] | [[Ivano-Frankivs'k|Yeruslav]] | [[Zhvill (Hasidic dynasty)|Zhvill]] | [[Yitzhak Aharon Korff|Zhvil-Mezhbuz]] | [[Zidichov (Hasidic dynasty)|Zidichov]] | [[Naftali Tzvi Labin of Zidichov|Zidichov-Beregsaz]] | [[Apter Rebbe|Zinkov]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Sanz-Zhmigrod|Zhmigrod]] | [[Zolochiv|Zlotchiv]] | [[Zychlin (Hasidic dynasty)|Zychlin]]
===Rebbes with non-eponymous dynasties===
[[Bobov (Hasidic dynasty)#Outline of Bobov's Hasidic rabbinical lineage|Bikovsk]] • [[Nagybocsko|Bitshkev]] • [[Bjozdovza|Brizdovitz]] • [[Brody|Braud]] • [[Bucharest]] • [[Baruch Ashlag#His Successors|Dzirka]] • Horodenka • [[Kolomyia|Kolomea]] • [[Elimelech of Lizhensk|Lizhensk]] • [[Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin|Lublin]] • [[Dov Ber of Mezeritch|Mezritch]] • [[Mishkenos HoRoim (Hasidic dynasty)|Mishkenos HoRoim]] • [[Kalonymus Kalman Shapira|Piasetzne]] • [[Shpola|Shpola]] • [[Nadvorna (Hasidic dynasty)#Dynasty|Zutchke]]
===Hasidic groups without a living rebbe===
[[Breslov (Hasidic dynasty)|Breslov]] • [[Malochim]] • [[Lubavitch]]
==See also==
*[[Hasidic philosophy]]
==External links==
*[http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=rebbe Over 1,000 Videos of Rebbes]
*[http://www.chabad.org/search/keyword.asp?kid=1576&scope=6198 The Role of a Rebbe and the Rebbe-Chossid Relationship] chabad.org
[[Category:Hebrew words and phrases]]
[[Category:Hasidic rebbes| ]]
[[Category:Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles]]
[[be-x-old:Рэбэ]]
[[fr:Rebbe]]
[[he:אדמו"ר]]
[[lt:Rebe]]
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[[ja:レベ]]
[[pt:Rebe]]
[[ru:Ребе]]
[[yi:אדמו"ר]]
{{For|other related terms|Honorifics in Judaism}}
'''Rebbe''' which means ''master, teacher, or mentor'' is a [[Yiddish]] word derived from the identical [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word '''"רבי"''' ([[Rabbi]]). It mostly refers to the leader of a [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic]] [[Jewish]] movement. In accordance with Yiddish pronunciation norms, the stress is on the first syllable and the final vowel is sometimes reduced to a [[shwa]].
==Usage==
Today ''rebbe'' has three meanings:
# The leader of a ''[[Hasidic Judaism|chasidus]]'' (hasidic movement) is called a ''rebbe''. His followers would address him as "the ''Rebbe''" or refer to him when speaking to others as "the ''rebbe''" or "my ''rebbe''". He would be referred to by others as the ''rebbe'' of a particular ''chasidus''. It is this definition that is the focus of this article. In Hebrew, a chasidic rebbe is often referred to as an ''admor'', which is an abbreviation for '''''Ad'''oneinu, '''Mo'''reinu, ve'''R'''abbenu'' ("Our master, our teacher, and our rabbi"). In writing, this title is placed before the name of the ''chasidus'', as in "Admor of Belz"; while the title ''rebbe'' comes after the name of the ''chasidus'' when used as an adjective, as in "Amshinever Rebbe".
# A person's main [[rosh yeshiva]] or mentor, who teaches (or taught) him/her Torah or gives guidance, would be referred to as "my ''rebbe''".
# [[Yeshiva]] students or ''[[cheider]]'' (elementary school) students, when talking to their teacher, would address him with the honorific ''rebbe''. They would also refer to him when speaking to their classmates as "the ''rebbe''" or when speaking to others as "my ''rebbe''".
In the ''[[yeshivish]]'' world, when not referring to a hasidic ''rebbe'', the word may be pronounced "rebbee".
==Terminology and origin==
The Hebrew letters for ''rebbe'', ''resh''-''bet''-''yud'', according to some interpretations, form an acronym for "'''r'''osh '''b'''nei '''y'''isroel", meaning "the spiritual head of the [[Children of Israel]]". More than just a [[rabbi]], a ''rebbe'' by definition needs to be a [[Tzaddik]]; and if his influence is felt even outside of his own circles then he would also be considered a ''[[manhig Yisroel]]'', (one of the spiritual leaders of his generation).
The Sages of the [[Mishnah]] known as the ''[[tannaim]]'', from the [[1st century|1st]] and [[2nd century|2nd]] centuries of the common era, were known by the title ''Rabbi'', for example Rabbi [[Akiva]] and Rabbi [[Simeon bar Yohai|Shimon bar Yochoy]]. Rabbi [[Judah haNasi|Yehudah haNasi]], the leader of Jewry, was simply called ''Rabbi'', meaning "''the'' Rebbe".
The Sages of the [[Talmud]] known as the ''[[Amoraim]]'' from the [[3rd century|3rd]], [[4th century|4th]] and early [[5th century|5th]] centuries, those born in the [[Land of Israel]], were called ''Rabbi''; but those born in the [[diaspora]] were known by the title ''[[Rav]]''.
[[Image:Rabbiofzidichov.JPG|right|thumb|Rebbe [[Naftali Tzvi Labin of Zidichov]]]]
==Distinctions between ''rebbe'' and ''rav''==
A rebbe is distinct from a '[[rav]]' or 'rov' (a word usually translated as rabbi, who is a leader of an Orthodox Jewish community, either hasidic or non-hasidic) in that a significant function of a rav is to answer questions of ''[[halacha]]'' (Jewish law). It is not uncommon for a hasidic [[Jew]] to have a rebbe as a spiritual guide and to go to a (another) rav for a ruling on an issue of religious law. Unlike a ''Rav'' who has to be a man; there have been a few female rebbes; among them the [[Maiden of Ludmir]].
''Chasidim'' use the term to denote someone that they perceive not only as the religious leader of their congregation, but as their spiritual adviser and mentor. A rebbe is someone whose views and advice are accepted not only on issues of religious dogma and practice, but in all arenas of life, including political and social issues.
There may be non-''chasidim'' who use the concept of a (non-hasidic) rebbe in this context and would also use this term. Example: "I will ask my rebbe, Rabbi so-and-so, for advice about this personal matter."
Among chasidim, a rebbe is referred to in Hebrew as "''Admor''", and a rav is often referred to as "''Av Beis Din''", the leader of a [[beth din]], even if he does not lead any beth din. In some instances, such as [[Munkacs]] and [[Sanz]], the two terms are sometimes interchangeable. <!-- is this really so common? I never heard of someone being called Av Beis Din when he is not. -->
==Chasidic rebbes==
The first and greatest chasidic ''rebbe'' was the founder of Chasidism, ''Rebbe [[Israel ben Eliezer|Yisroel Baal Shem Tov]]''. During his lifetime he was referred to mainly as "The Holy One" rather than as "Rebbe," and his disciples were "magidim" or "preachers", such as the Magid of Chernobyl or the Magid of Rovno (now known as the Magid of Mezritsh). The first "rebbe" to be known as such was the Baal Shem Tov's grandson, Rabbi Boruch of [[Medzhibozh (Hasidic dynasty)|Mezhbizh]] who was referred to as "The Rebbe" during his lifetime. After him, those who rose to positions of leadership and their successors began to be called ''rebbe''. The title gradually came to suggest a higher spiritual status.
Each chasidic group refers to its leader as "The Rebbe."
Outside of chasidic circles the term "Grand Rabbi" has been used to refer to a rebbe. The practice became widespread in America in the early 1900s when chasidic rebbes began to emigrate to the United States and a title in English was needed to distinguish them from other "rabbis".
As an example, Grand Rabbi [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]], the leader of the [[Chabad Lubavitch]] Chasidim, was referred to as "The Rebbe" by Lubavitcher Chassidim; and to non-Lubavitchers he was called the ''Lubavitcher Rebbe'' or the ''Chabad'sker Rebbe''.
==Relationship of chasidim to their rebbe==
A [[Chassidism|chasidic]] rebbe is generally understood to be an exceptionally righteous person (called a "[[tzaddik]]"). According to [[Kabbalah]] (and particularly the chasidic understanding of Kabbalah), the world is sustained on the "shoulders" of several exceptionally righteous people in a generation ''(tzaddikim)''. These people are understood to have perfected their personal service of God to such an extent that they become literally and physically aware of God. These righteous people's perception (of both spiritual and physical, not to mention temporal matters) transcends the apparent boundaries of existence, such that a Rebbe will appear to be able to "see the future," or at least have strong insight into the life and trials of another. Furthermore, a rebbe is said to be able to affect divine providence.
As a result, chasidim in some chasidic circles seek their rebbe's advice for a variety of concerns: spiritual, physical, and even business concerns. Furthermore, many people seek the blessing ''(brocho)'' of a rebbe (and a chosid will specifically seek the blessing of his own rebbe) for anything from minor (and all the more so major) physical troubles, to grand spiritual concerns. Many famous and common stories of a rebbe's intervention involve women who successfully seek a rebbe's blessing for fertility so that they can conceive after having been barren for many years.
Given a rebbe's physical awareness of God, and the Rebbe's transcendent perception of Godliness, many chasidim take special care to observe the specific and sometimes minute practices of their Rebbe. Even things that seem mundane may nonetheless be seen by chasidim as incredibly significant. For example, [[Lubavitch|Lubavitcher]] chasidim frequently shape their fedoras to match the way that the Lubavitcher Rebbe shaped his hat-which was more flat then many others. Many [[Skver]]er chasidim (of the Skverer Rebbe in [[New Square]]) wear their [[peyos]] identical to those of the Skverer Rebbe. While chasidim do not always follow the specific practices of their rebbe, the rebbe is able to create practices that may be specific and unique to his chasidim. For example, Rabbi Aaron Roth (''Reb Areleh'', as he was called) the first rebbe of [[Toldos Aharon|Shomer Emunim]], told his chasidim to pause frequently while eating their meals in order to keep them from overindulging (while this practice may be viewed as meritorious even outside of that circle, it is nonetheless a practice that is unique to the chasidim of Shomer Emunim and its offshoots).
A chosid will usually love his rebbe like a close family member, if not more so. But the degree and nature of this belief varies depending on the movement. In some movements the chasidim believe that their rebbe is the "''tzadik hador''" (greatest and holiest saint of the generation) and would regard any thought that detracts from his perfection and holiness as heresy. Other sects lessen this idealization to some degree or another. Since many rebbes are sons-in-law or students of other rebbes, it makes sense that they would view themselves as subordinate to those other rebbes. Nonetheless, their chasidim remain loyal to them because of their special loyalty, a family connection, or a belief that a specific ''[[tzaddik]]'' (though there may be others of greater spiritual stature) connects best with one's soul. For example, the [[Kosov (Hasidic dynasty)|Kosov]]er Rebbe makes yearly pilgrimages to the [[Tosh (Hasidic dynasty)|Tosher]] Rebbe. Nonetheless, his chasidim remain very loyal to him. The most well-known "rebbe of rebbes" was the [[Satmar]]er Rebbe, Rabbi [[Joel Teitelbaum]].
==Functions carried out by Rebbes==
There are some functions which are exclusively the domain of hasidic rebbes:
* Reading ''kvitlekh''
* Leading a ''tish''
Others are not exclusive to hasidic rebbes, but are often an important part of their role:
* Participating in family celebrations of the chasidim, such as weddings and ''[[bris]]n'' (circumcision ceremony)
* Performing mitzvos etc. in the presence of their chasidim, such as kindling the [[Chanuka]] lights and drawing water to bake [[matzo]]s with
* Leading the prayers on Shabbos, Holy Days and other special occasions
* Delivering learned or inspirational discourses
===''Kvitlekh''===
A rebbe has times when chasidim (and other petitioners) may come for a private audience.
A ''kvitl'' (Yiddish for note, plural ''kvitlekh'') is a note with the name of the petitioner and a short request for which the rebbe is asked to pray. The formula in which a person's name is written is one's own Hebrew name, the son/daughter of one's mother's Hebrew name, such as ''Shimon ben Rivkah'' (Simeon the son of Rebecca). Hasidim believe that rebbes read supernaturally "between the lines" of a ''kvitl'', and in every hasidic movement there are numerous anecdotes relating how the rebbe saw things that were not written in the ''kvitl''. In most hasidic groups, the ''kvitl'' is written by the rebbe's ''[[gabbai|gabbe]]'' (secretary), however sometimes the petitioner writes it him or her self. Usually, but with some exceptions, a ''pidyon'' (redemption) of cash is customarily handed to the rebbe under the ''kvitl'', however this is not obligatory. This is considered to be the conduit through which the blessing is given, and a redemption for the soul of the petitioner. ("A gift makes its receiver glad" is given as an explanation: a blessing only comes from a joyous heart.) It is also customary to tip the ''gabbe'', although this too is not obligatory.
[[Image:bostonertischbeitar.jpg|right|thumb|The Bostoner Rebbe ''feert [[Tish (Hasidic celebration)|tish]]'' in his synagogue in Beitar Illit, Israel]]
===''Tish''===
A rebbe conducts a ''[[Tish (Hasidic celebration)|tish]]'' ({{lang-yi|פֿירט טיש}}: ''feert tish'') - a (communal festive) meal with highly mystical overtones - on [[Shabbat|Shabbos]] and other occasions. At a tish the rebbe distributes ''shirayim'' (lit. remainders) to the chasidim seated at or gathered round the table (Yiddish: טיש table).
==Chasidic movements==
In [[Israel]], some of the best known chasidic groups are those of [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belz]], [[Boston (Hasidic dynasty) |Boston]], [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Ger]], [[Karlin (Hasidic dynasty)|Karlin]], [[Nadvorna (Hasidic dynasty)|Nadvorna]], [[Slonim (Hasidic dynasty)|Slonim]], [[Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Vizhnitz]], and [[Dushinsky (Hasidic dynasty)|Dushinsky]], each having their own Rebbe. Some of the larger or better known chasidic groups in the [[United States|United States of America]] are [[Bobov (Hasidic dynasty)|Bobov]], [[Klausenburg (Hasidic dynasty)|Klausenburg]], [[Chabad Lubavitch|Lubavitch]], [[Munkacs (Hasidic dynasty)|Munkatch]], [[Puppa (Hasidic dynasty)|Puppa]], [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Satmar]], [[Skulen (Hasidic dynasty)|Skulen]], [[Skver (Hasidic dynasty)|Skver]], [[Chernobyl (Hasidic dynasty)|Tshernobl]]. A more complete list of chasidic groups can be found [[List of Hasidic dynasties|here.]]
Some chasidic rebbes have thousands of followers, or disciples, called ''chasidim'', whilst others may number only a few hundred. Some only have a title, but do not have a following beyond their own family members and a few congregants in their [[synagogue]]s.
Rebbes are usually called by the Yiddish name of the geographic region in which they or their predecessors gained prominence: e.g., the first Bobover Rebbe lived in Bobowa (Poland), the first Skulener Rebbe lived in Skuleny (Transcarpathia), the first [[Munkacs (Hasidic dynasty)|Munkatch]]er Rebbe in [[Munkacs]], [[Ukraine]] and the first Bostoner Rebbe started to serve as a rebbe in Boston, MA, USA.
Some chasidim, such as the [[Breslov (Hasidic dynasty)|Breslover]], follow their deceased Rebbe, Rabbi [[Nachman of Breslav]]. Similarly, the Lubavitcher chasidim follow the last deceased Rebbe, Rabbi [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]], who died childless, and his followers continue to follow and venerate him after his passing.
Hundred of groups of chasidim and thousands of Rebbes, have been since the founding of ''Chasidus''. Some have established dynasties, and some dynasties have come to an end, leaving their writings or legacy. Some have been renewed by their descendants or by a spiritual descendant. Some have no Chasidim only a ''[[Shul]]'', and some don't have a ''Shul'', but they do have ''chasidim''. Some have neither ''chasidim'' nor a Shul, only a title.
==Links to rebbes of different dynasties==
[[Aleksander (Hasidic dynasty)|Alexander]] | [[Alesk (Hasidic dynasty)|Alesk]] | [[Amshinov (Hasidic dynasty)|Amshinov]] | [[Anipoli (Hasidic dynasty)|Anipoli]] | [[Apta (Hasidic dynasty)|Apt]] | [[Ovruch|Avritch]] | [[Baruch Ashlag|Ashlag]] | [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belz]] | [[Berditchev (Hasidic dynasty)|Berditchev]] | [[Beregsaz (Hasidic dynasty)|Beregsaz]] | [[Biala (Hasidic dynasty)|Biala]] | [[Błażowa|Bluzhov]] | [[Bobov]] | [[Bohush]] | [[Boston (Hasidic dynasty)|Boston]] | [[Boyan (Hasidic dynasty)|Boyan]] | [[Burshtin (Hasidic dynasty)|Burshtin]] | [[Chabad Lubavitch]] | [[Osrov-Henzin (Hasidic dynasty)#Outline of Ozharov dynasty|Chentshin]] | [[Chernobyl (Hasidic dynasty)|Chernobyl]] | [[Chernivtsi|Chernovitz]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)|Cheshenov]] | [[Chortkov (Hasidic dynasty)|Chortkov]] | [[Chust (Hasidic dynasty)|Chust]] | [[Cleveland (Hasidic dynasty)|Cleveland]] |
[[Dej|Deyzh]] | [[Munkacs (Hasidic dynasty)#Dynasty|Dinov]] | [[Dombrov (Hasidic dynasty)|Dombrov]] | [[Dorog (Hasidic dynasty)|Dorog]] | [[Drohobych|Drohobitch]] | [[Dushinsky (Hasidic dynasty)|Dushinsky]] | [[Ropshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Dzikov]] | [[Faltichan (Hasidic dynasty)|Faltichan]] | [[Ger (Hasidic dynasty)|Ger]] | [[Ropshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Glogov]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Offshoots|Gorlitz]] | [[Grodzisk]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Offshoots|Grybov]] | [[Chernobyl (Hasidic dynasty)|Hornsteipel]] | [[Chernobyl (Hasidic dynasty)|Hornostaypil-Milwaukee]] | [[Hosiatyn|Husiatyn]] | [[Izbica|Izbitze]] |
[[Kalov (Hasidic dynasty)|Kalov]] | [[Kaminka (Hasidic dynasty)|Kaminka]] | [[Kapust (Hasidic dynasty)|Kapust]] | [[Karlin (Hasidic Dynasty)|Karlin-Stolin]] | [[Kashou (Hasidic dynasty)|Kashou]] | [[Kerestir (Hasidic dynasty)|Kerestir]] | [[Klausenberg (Hasidic dynasty)|Klausenberg]] | [[Slonim (Hasidic dynasty)# Outline of Slonimer Dynasty|Kobrin]] | [[Koidanov (Hasidic dynasty)|Koidanov]] |[[Komarno (Hasidic dynasty)|Komarno]] | [[Kopychyntsi|Kopyczynitz]] | [[Korec|Korets]] | [[Koson (Hasidic dynasty)|Koson]] | [[Kosov (Hasidic dynasty)|Kosov]] | [[Menachem Mendel of Kotzk|Kotsk]] | [[Kozhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Kozhnitz]] | [[Kozlov (Hasidic dynasty)|Kozlov]] | [[Kretchenif (Hasidic dynasty)|Kretchenif]] | [[Spinka (Hasidic dynasty)#Lineage of Spinka Rebbes of the Horowitz Family|Krula]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Offshoots|Kshanov]] | [[Kutna (Hasidic dynasty)|Kutna]] | [[Kazimierz Dolny|Kuzmir]] |
[[Łańcut|Lantzhit]] | [[Slonim (Hasidic dynasty)# Outline of Slonimer Dynasty|Lechovitsh]] | [[Lelov (Hasidic dynasty)|Lelov]] | [[Liozna (Hasidic dynasty)|Liozna]] | [[Liske (Hasidic dynasty)|Liske]] | [[Karlin (Hasidic dynasty)#Outline of Lineage of Karliner Dynasty|Lutsk]] |
[[Machanovka (Hasidic dynasty)|Machnovka]] | [[Makarov (Hasidic dynasty)|Makarov]] | [[Makove (Hasidic dynasty)|Makove]] | [[Manestrishtze (Hasidic dynasty)|Manestrishtze]] | [[Mattersdorf]] | [[Ropshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Melitz]] | [[Medzhibozh (Hasidic dynasty)|Mezhbizh]] | [[Milwaukee]] | [[Modzitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Modzitz]] | [[Mogelnitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Mogelnitz]] | [[Nadvorna (Hasidic dynasty)#Dynasty|Mosholu]] | [[Munkacs (Hasidic dynasty)|Munkatch]] | [[Muzhay (Hasidic dynasty)|Muzhay]] |
[[Nadvorna (Hasidic dynasty)|Nadvorna]] | [[Narol (Hasidic dynasty)|Narol]] | [[Naszód|Nassod]] | [[Shmelke of Nikolsburg|Nikolsburg]] | [[Nitra]] | [[Mińsk Mazowiecki|Novominsk]] | [[Ostrof (Hasidic dynasty)|Ostrof]] | [[Osrov-Henzin (Hasidic dynasty)|Ozharov]] | [[Karlin (Hasidic dynasty)#Pinsk-Karlin|Pinsk-Karlin]] | [[Pittsburg (Hasidic dynasty)|Pittsburg]] | [[Porisov (Hasidic dynasty)|Porisov]] | [[Premishlan (Hasidic dynasty)|Premishlan]] | [[Przemyśl|Pshemish]] | [[Pshevorsk (Hasidic dynasty)|Pshevorsk]] | [[Przysucha|Pshischa]] | [[Puppa (Hasidic dynasty)|Pupa]] | [[Rachev (Hasidic dynasty)|Rachev]] | [[Rachmastrivka (Hasidic dynasty)|Rachmastrivka]] | [[Radomsko|Radomsk]] | [[Radoshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Radoshitz]] | [[Radzyń|Radzin]] | [[Ratzfert]] | [[Menachem Mendel of Rimanov|Rimanov]] | [[Rimnitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Rimnitz]] | [[Rizhin (Hasidic dynasty)|Rizhin]] | [[Ropshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Ropshitz]] |
[[Sadigura (Hasidic dynasty)|Sadigura]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)|Sanz]] | [[Sasregen (Hasidic dynasty)|Sasregen]] | [[Sassov (Hasidic dynasty)|Sassov]] | [[Satmar]] | [[Moshe Zvi of Savran|Savran]] | [[Seret (Hasidic dynasty)|Seret]] | [[Shedlitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Shedlitz]] | [[Shenitza (Hasidic dynasty)|Shenitza]] | [[Shepetivka]] | [[Shidlovtza (Hasidic dynasty)|Shidlovtza]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Offshoots|Shinova]] | [[Shomer Emunim (Hasidic dynasty)|Shomer Emunim]] | [[Shotz (Hasidic dynasty)|Shotz]] | [[Shpikov (Hasidic dynasty)|Shpikov]] |[[Shtefanesht (Hasidic dynasty)|Shtefanesht]] | [[Skole|Skolye]] | [[Skula (Hasidic dynasty)|Skula]] | [[Skulen (Hasidic dynasty)|Skulen]] | [[Skver (Hasidic dynasty)|Skver]] | [[Slonim (Hasidic dynasty)|Slonim]] | [[Sochatshov (Hasidic dynasty)|Sochatshov]] | [[Spinka (Hasidic dynasty)|Spinka]] | [[Stanislav (Hasidic dynasty)|Stanislav]] | [[Ropshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Stitshin]] | [[Strashelye (Hasidic dynasty)|Strashelye]] | [[Stretin (Hasidic dynasty)|Stretin]] | [[Strikov (Hasidic dynasty)|Strikov]] | [[Ropshitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Strizov]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Offshoots|Stropkov]] | [[Nadvorna (Hasidic dynasty)#Dynasty|Strozhnitz]] | [[Sudylkov (Hasidic dynasty)|Sudylkov]] | [[Sulitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Sulitz]] |
[[Tshenstechov (Hasidic dynasty)|Tshenstechov]] | [[Tshenstkovitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Tshenstkovitz]] | [[Temesvár|Temishvar]] | [[Toldos Aharon (Hasidic dynasty)|Toldos Aharon]] | [[Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok (Hasidic dynasty)|Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok]] | [[Chernobyl (Hasidic dynasty)|Tolno]] | [[Toltchav (Hasidic dynasty)|Toltchav]] | [[Tosh (Hasidic dynasty)|Tosh]] | [[Chernobyl (Hasidic dynasty)|Trisk]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Offshoots|Tshokava]] | [[Vienna|Vien]] | [[Vizhnitz (Hasidic dynasty)|Vizhnits]] | [[Warka|Vurka]] | [[Ivano-Frankivs'k|Yeruslav]] | [[Zhvill (Hasidic dynasty)|Zhvill]] | [[Yitzhak Aharon Korff|Zhvil-Mezhbuz]] | [[Zidichov (Hasidic dynasty)|Zidichov]] | [[Naftali Tzvi Labin of Zidichov|Zidichov-Beregsaz]] | [[Apter Rebbe|Zinkov]] | [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)#Sanz-Zhmigrod|Zhmigrod]] | [[Zolochiv|Zlotchiv]] | [[Zychlin (Hasidic dynasty)|Zychlin]]
===Rebbes with non-eponymous dynasties===
[[Bobov (Hasidic dynasty)#Outline of Bobov's Hasidic rabbinical lineage|Bikovsk]] • [[Nagybocsko|Bitshkev]] • [[Bjozdovza|Brizdovitz]] • [[Brody|Braud]] • [[Bucharest]] • [[Baruch Ashlag#His Successors|Dzirka]] • Horodenka • [[Kolomyia|Kolomea]] • [[Elimelech of Lizhensk|Lizhensk]] • [[Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin|Lublin]] • [[Dov Ber of Mezeritch|Mezritch]] • [[Mishkenos HoRoim (Hasidic dynasty)|Mishkenos HoRoim]] • [[Kalonymus Kalman Shapira|Piasetzne]] • [[Shpola|Shpola]] • [[Nadvorna (Hasidic dynasty)#Dynasty|Zutchke]]
===Hasidic groups without a living rebbe===
[[Breslov (Hasidic dynasty)|Breslov]] • [[Malochim]] • [[Lubavitch]]
==See also==
*[[Hasidic philosophy]]
==External links==
*[http://video.google.com/videosearch?q=rebbe Over 1,000 Videos of Rebbes]
*[http://www.chabad.org/search/keyword.asp?kid=1576&scope=6198 The Role of a Rebbe and the Rebbe-Chossid Relationship] chabad.org
[[Category:Hebrew words and phrases]]
[[Category:Hasidic rebbes| ]]
[[Category:Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles]]
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