Eliyak: Category:Jewish communal organizations, Category:Rabbinical organizations

2007-10-02T21:22:38Z

Category:Jewish communal organizations, Category:Rabbinical organizations

Eliyak: Category:Jewish communal organizations, Category:Rabbinical organizations

2007-10-02T21:22:38Z

Category:Jewish communal organizations, Category:Rabbinical organizations

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The '''Edah HaChareidis''' ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]: העדה החרדית '''HaEdah HaChareidis''' ''The Chareidi Community''), also written '''Edah Haredit''', is a prominent [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] communal organization in present-day [[Jerusalem]], consisting of several Haredi groups. It provides all the facilities required by a Jewish community, including [[kashrus]], [[mikva]]s, an [[eruv]] and rabbinical decisors. It is well known for being strongly opposed to [[Zionism]], which it condemns as heretical and opposed to Judaism.

The rabbinate of the Edah is popularly known as "the Badatz."

It is unaffiliated with a similarly-named, though not as well-known, ''[[Sephardi Jews|Sephardi]] Edah HaCharedit''.

==History==

The Edah was founded by Rabbi [[Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld]] and Rabbi Yitzchok Yerucham Diskin (son of Rabbi [[Yehoshua Leib Diskin]], Rabbi of [[Brisk]], Lithuania) in 1919, prior to the establishment of the Chief Rabbinate by the Zionist movement under British auspices. Rabbi Sonnenfeld was named the first [[Chief Rabbi|Av Beis Din]] of the Edah Chareidis, a position he held until his passing in 1932. His tenure saw the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s control over the [[Land of Israel]] weakening, and the British gaining control of the [[British Mandate of Palestine]] after [[World War I]].
The British chose to create a new Zionist rabbinical hierarchy under the newly-created Chief Rabbinate of Palestine, which later became the [[Chief Rabbinate]] of [[Israel]]. Rabbi [[Abraham Isaac Kook]] became the first [[Chief Rabbi]] in 1921. The Edah HaChareidis, which was - and still is - strongly [[Anti-zionism#Religious opposition|anti-Zionist]], resisted these moves and opposed the new British-created Zionist Chief Rabbinate.

Rabbi Sonnenfeld was succeeded by Rabbi [[Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky (1st)|Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky]]. He was succeeded by Rabbi Zelig Reuven Bengis, who was succeeded by the [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Satmar]] [[Rebbe]], Grand Rabbi [[Joel Teitelbaum]]. Rabbi Teitelbaum emigrated to the United States, but retained his position as Av Beis Din of the Edah HaChareidis. Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum's nephew, the late Grand Rabbi [[Moshe Teitelbaum (Satmar)|Moshe Teitelbaum]] of Satmar, was given the title of President, upon Rabbi Joel Teitelbaum's passing. Meanwhile, in 1945, [[Agudath Israel]], formerly aligned with the Edah, broke away from it.

[[Image:Edah 18102006 demonstration.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Crowd at a demonstration organized by the Edah HaChareidis. Jerusalem, 18 Oct. 2006.]]

The lay leader of the Edah HaChareidis for many years was [[Gershon Stemmer]], until his death in early 2007.

=== Anti-Zionist Ideology ===
The anti-Zionist stance of the Edah is supported by the book ''Vayoel Moshe'', written by former Edah President and Chief Rabbi [[Joel Teitelbaum]], which is regarded as the standard using which all issues relating to the modern State of [[Israel]] are determined. For example, the Edah forbids voting in the elections for the [[Knesset]], and forbids accepting accept any funding from the Israeli government (such as subsidies for schools and unemployment benefits), nor to accept Israeli citizenship through the Law of Return.<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3410991,00.html Ynetnews]</ref> According to Ynetnews, "It [the Edah} has declared an ideological war against the "heretic Zionist government"<ref>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3410991,00.html Ynetnews]</ref>.

Despite the anti-Zionist stance of the Edah HaChareidis, a fragile cooperation is maintained with the state-run Chief Rabbinate, for example for the purpose of registering marriages and divorces (although, this aspect does predate the state of Israel). On the other hand, [[Conversion to Judaism|converts to Judaism]] who convert through the Edah HaChareidis (like converts through all non-government organizations), are not recognized as Jews by the state for the purpose of obtaining Israeli citizenship via the [[Law of Return]]. [http://minorites.org/article.php?IDA=10567]

In 2002, the rabbinical leadership of the Edah wrote a complimentary introduction to ''Vayoel Moshe''. The introduction mentioned: "''and it is necessary to learn about this subject [of Zionism]... the holy book Vayoel Moshe will open [its readers] eyes to see [the reasons behind] all troubles and horrors of our time, and will prevent readers from being drawn after the Zionist heresy, may the Merciful One save us.''"<ref>Introduction, ''Sefer Yalkut Amorim Vayoel Moshe''.</ref>

== Sphere of influence ==
Followers of the movements which constitute the Edah mainly live in the northern areas of Jerusalem (from [[Har Nof]] to [[Sanhedria]]) and [[Beit Shemesh]]. In practice, through its kashrus authority and halachic decisions made by its leaders, its influence is felt throughout Israel and in much of the Diaspora.

==Kashrut supervision==

The Edah HaChareidis is known for its high standards in rabbinical supervision of [[kosher]] food, and is considered to be one of the strictest ''[[hechsher|hechsheirim]]'' in [[Israel]]. It is often simply known as the ''hechsher'' of the "''Badatz''", which stands for ''[[Beth din|Beis Din]] Tzedek'' or "Court [of] Righteous Law". Products certified by the Edah are marked with the well-known logo of the Edah, shown above.

==The chareidi groups which comprise the Edah==
[[Image:MishkenoisHaRoim01.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Rabbi Avrohom Yitzchok Ulman of the Edah (center) with Rabbi Rabinowitz, Admor of Mishkenos HoRoim]]
* [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Satmarer]] chasidim
* [[Dushinsky (Hasidic dynasty)|Dushinsky]] chasidim
* [[Toldos Aharon (Hasidic dynasty)|Toldos Aharon]] chasidim
* [[Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok (Hasidic dynasty)|Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok]] chasidim
* [[Spinka (Hasidic dynasty)|Spinker]] chasidim
* [[Brisk yeshivas|Brisk]] community of Jerusalem
* [[Sanz (Hasidic dynasty)|Sanz-Tshokave]] chasidim
* [[Perushim]] (faction of Lithuanian and Hungarian non-Hasidic Haredim, including descendants of the students of the [[Vilna Gaon]])
* Faction of [[Breslov (Hasidic dynasty)|Breslover]] chassidim (led by Rabbi [[Yaakov Meir Shechter]])
* [[Mishkenos HoRoim (Hasidic dynasty)|Mishkenos HoRoim]] chasidim

==Prominent members of the rabbinical court of the Edah HaChareidis==

===Chief Rabbis (גאב"ד) of the Edah HaCharedis===
#1919-1932: Rabbi [[Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld]] (1849-1932)
#1932-1948: Rabbi [[Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky (1st)]] of [[Dushinsky (Hasidic dynasty)|Dushinsky]] (1865-1949)
#1947-1953: Rabbi [[Zelig Reuven Bengis]] (1864-1953)
#1953-1979: Grand Rabbi [[Joel Teitelbaum]] of [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Satmar]] (1887-1979)
#1979-1989: Rabbi [[Yitzchok Yaakov Weiss]] (1901-1989; author of ''Minchas Yitzchak'', formerly of [[Manchester]] Beth Din, [[England]])
#1989-1996: Rabbi [[Moshe Aryeh Freund]] (1904-1996; author of ''Ateres Yehoshua'' (''[[Satmar|Chassidei Satmar]]'')
#1996-2002: Grand Rabbi Yisroel Moshe [[Dushinsky (Hasidic dynasty)|Dushinsky]] (1921-2003; son of Rabbi Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky, listed above)
#2002 to present: Rabbi [[Yitzchok Tuvia Weiss]] (formerly ''[[dayan]]'' of [[Machsike Hadass]] community, [[Antwerp]], [[Belgium]])

===Presidents (נשיא) of the Edah HaCharedis===
# Grand Rabbi [[Joel Teitelbaum]] of [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Satmar]] (1887-1979)
#1979-2006: Grand Rabbi [[Moshe Teitelbaum]] of [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Satmar]] (1914-2006)
#2006-present: Rabbi [[Dovid Soloveitchik]], [[rosh yeshiva]] of [[Brisk yeshivas|Brisk]], current President of the Edah Charedis

===Past members===
*Rabbi [[Pinchas Epstein]]
*Rabbi [[Yisroel Yaakov Fisher]] (1928-2003), author of ''Even Yisroel''
*Rabbi [[Moshe Halberstam]] (1932-2006)
*Rabbi [[Chanoch Dov Padwa]]
*Rabbi [[Mishkenos HoRoim (Hasidic dynasty)|Binyomin Rabinowitz]]

===Present members===
[[Image:Rav a y ulman 1.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Rabbi Avrohom Yitzchok Ulman]]
*Rabbi [[Dovid Soloveitchik]], President נשיא ''([[Brisk yeshivas|Brisk]])''
*Rabbi [[Yitzchok Tuvia Weiss]], Chief Rabbi גאב"ד
*Rabbi [[Moshe Sternbuch]], Head of Rabbinical Court ראב"ד
*Rabbi [[Meir Brandsdorfer]] ''([[Shomer Emunim (Hasidic dynasty)|Chasidei Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok]])''
*Rabbi [[Naftoli Hertzke Frankel]]
*Rabbi [[Yeshayah Rosenberger]] ''([[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)|Chasidei Satmar]])''
*Rabbi [[Avrohom Yitzchok Ulman]] ''([[Dushinsky (Hasidic dynasty)|Chasidei Dushinsky]])''
*Rabbi [[Yaakov Mendel Yuravitch]]
*Rabbi [[Yaakov Blau]]

===Prominent rabbis affiliated with the Edah HaChareidis===
*Rabbi [[Shmuel Wosner]]
*Rabbi [[Moshe Sacks]]
*Rabbi [[Yaakov Meir Shechter]]

== External references ==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.jewsagainstzionism.com/rabbinicalcourts/edahharachedis/index.cfm Statements against Zionism by the Edah Chareidis]
*[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE5DB1F3DF935A25755C0A96F948260 Obituary for Rabbi Yitzchak Yaakov Weiss of the Eidah Chareidis]
*[http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5763/PKD63arfisher.htm Obituary for Rabbi Yisrael Yaakov Fisher of the Eidah HaChareidis]
*[http://www.tzemachdovid.org/gedolim/ravfisher.html Obituary for Rabbi Yisrael Yaakov Fisher, with much information about the history of the Eidah Chareidis]
*[http://chareidi.shemayisrael.com/archives5766/achrei/ACH66arhlbrstm.htm Obituary for Rabbi Moshe Halberstam of the Eidah Chareidis]

{{OrthodoxJudaism}}

[[Category:Edah HaChareidis| ]]
[[Category:Kosher food certification organizations]]
[[Category:Orthodox Jewish Anti-Zionism]]
[[Category:Jewish communal organizations]]
[[Category:Rabbinical organizations]]

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Eliyak: Category:Jewish communal organizations, Category:Rabbinical organizations

Eliyak: Category:Jewish communal organizations, Category:Rabbinical organizations