Israel and humanity - Universal social consciousness

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II.

Universal social consciousness.

§ 1.

Our starting point for our subsequent studies, is that man and nation are central to the biblical Adam unit. If we consider a nation separated from the core, we see that the link of its historical unity is the patriarch or head of a line, while the unit ideal, his soul is in the Sar or celestial genius whose we have already spoken. This itself has its roots in the divine attributes which he is the embodiment above, each of these achievements is to turn the Sar one that comes immediately after it.

Nations unify them historically in Adam, in the psychologically Shekina , the divine in the world, which is the center of all souls, and ideally in the Word or Logos which is the intelligible world . This leads to many serious consequences. Each nation represents a particular idea has [1] hence his reason for being: its existence is legitimate, his inviolable and must be added that its development is within the cosmic order and the designs of Providence. Finally the goal toward which the constitution of nationality seems to be their final organization or unit in a final harmony, evolution can be seen elsewhere in different parts of nature. The perfection of the whole effect grows in proportion to that party. "The development of life in different directions," writes Mr. Nogel, is a natural law in the physical world and the moral world and humanity will grow in different countries might noble civilization and moving trends, will be easier solved the problem of general upgrading of the human race [2] "

We will hear an assessment of designs of Auguste Comte on this and we can not fail to be struck by the grandeur of Jewish ideas, noting that Judaism has so many centuries ahead of the positivist philosopher. "The recognition of humanity as an organic whole with respect to which each individual submits reports defined and must fulfill certain duties, in some respect even beyond the Christian idea of humanity considered as a family of brothers. In Christianity as in previous religions, the moral obligation towards others is more or less subject to individual salvation, whereas Comte's universal love is the first principle of action based on human being who has the great ones of each of its individual members [3] ".

It has rightly pointed to what he should stick to the distinction between two kinds of organizations: organizations sentient collective intermediate and higher organisms in which each party has both self-consciousness and consciousness at all, so that as the monad of Leibnitz (monad but open and not closed), it is really a mirror of this little universe that exists as its own will by that of all others. So finally in the very members of society exists the consciousness of the social organism and the social contract, conscience more or less clear and will also exulting in the higher intelligences. [4] [5]. We will simply observe that it seems unacceptable that the awareness that every member of society acquires the social organism exhausts all consciousness of this body, because then we would have as many consciences even complete social organism there any individuals. How would it be possible thing, since the individual is only a small part of this organization? We will object that there is no evidence of the existence of a universal social conscience? To this we reply that the proof is in the efforts that we see. If there was not an ideal unit director of the whole social organism, we should not see, in the words of Mr. Mamiani "this conspiring uninterrupted supply of all its members to the organization of universal life, which is the great miracle of physiology.

Finally, awareness of the social organism that each member possesses is not that of society itself in general, it is absurd to suppose the same can not be a party and feel at once; is simply the consciousness of belonging to it to be a member at all. What distinguishes the higher men, it is not only greater strength, greater intensity of individual feeling, but a greater range of consciousness, because they form part of more comprehensive social body, kissing for and tell more of their peers. Step by step and sometimes the imagination to conceive a being, whatever it is, moreover, in which humanity has become aware of itself in its entirety. Just as each nation has its particular Sar , which is its genius, or spirit and achieves its unity, even the world of nations, humanity as a whole has a soul, a life of its own that makes her a living organism. It develops according to its special laws are the laws of history. Thus the higher intelligences like Schelling, Krause, Herbert Spencer considering humanity. "All peoples, said Mamiani, contribute to a more or less conscious, despite their rivalries and struggles, the formation of the organic unity of nations, new doctrine which forms the basis of true and steadfast philosophy Confessions of history [6] [7] § 2.

Hartmann said somewhere that if the logic is absolutely necessary to tiny historical development, it is also proved by reason that it is also essential for individual development, since the organic individual is composed of individuals of a lower order precisely the same way that the people or the State are composed of individuals of a much higher order and since the former requires a director as well because as the latter. It has been objected to that there is a big difference between the idea of body and that of humanity, the first assuming the inevitability and the other freedom, and for that reason there is in the organization, development harmonious and simultaneous all parties, which does not seem to be true in humanity. "If we assume by analogy, writes Mr. Carreau, that nations are the organs of a wide body that is humanity, it will develop some of these bodies are just the first phase of their growth, others were arrested in their development, still others demote; that they are in adolescence, those in middle age, some finally near the old [8] ".

We must not forget however that the reported differences in organ development are that the effect of the free nature of that development of humanity. Freedom can temporarily disrupt the orderly development and synchronic parts, but can in no way prejudice the outcome assured in advance by the tendency to progress, innate in man. However, this final result, the ideal humanity, produced by more or less irregular developments which have preceded it, will spend the unity between the nations and the history of all peoples will come there as an element, each having played a special role in the evolution of mankind. We must also add that if some nations are aging, while others remain young and others in the state of childhood, so much the people themselves, simple bodies and instruments for transmission, it is important consider that the principles they represent and that they last longer, for it often happens that after [9] decadence nationalities who had received and held first, these ideas are then passed into other hands more able to retain the deposit. In the history of mankind, it is people like molecules in organized bodies, having completed their task for some time, give way to others who are continuing their work.

The unity of humankind is not yet complete, but it is coming true and we can still point out anomalies now are precisely the imperfections of great social body. For Judaism, the nation with its mission, its own life, is the ring that connects the middle man, the individual, the future of humanity finally made his final unity. This humanity is not for him the inorganic multitude of individuals, but the organic unity of nations. We know that in Christianity the contrary, it is the other view prevailed.

We find this idea in Cicero capital of a society that extends beyond humanity, an idea that responds to the harmony between man and the universe according to Judaism, and also the reports with the Universal Intelligence, that is to say to God: "The reason, he says, the source of duty and right is common to all men is the natural foundation of a universal society, in which the mutual exchange of services and benefits is necessary for the preservation and development of each; admirable body in which life passes from one country to another for the common good in which everyone feels to live and operate All in all and each; huge city and kept governed by one law, that of reason, city not circumscribed by the boundaries of a nation, nor by the bounds of humanity, but extended to all rational beings which is part God himself, because between him and man, there is this similarity and difference that one is part of Intellect and the other is the Universal Intelligence, that one has in itself a spark of divine while the other is the principle and spreading throughout the world [10] ".

That the organic unity of humanity is constituted by nations or individuals, this social consciousness is universal for a fact that Judaism can be no doubt. She lives and acting under the diversity of races and ideas it represents; [11] it makes the future unity of mankind as the Logos, the divine Adam, realizes the unity of ideas. The book of Genesis, in representing us all as members of a primitive family, and Prophets, announcing the final unity of mankind, we have suggested the existence of this universal consciousness that has proclaimed Hebrew theosophy Then, since according to her Adam's body contains in its different parts all individuals and all peoples who have diversified depending on the nature of each member, however now, after all, their ideal unit that meets the hardware unit of the body of the first man. We know that Israel Zohar compares the heart of humanity, while other nations are the various members. Seneca also said Omne hoc quod unum is empty, membra sumus corporis magni. . But Kabbalah is not only Adam's body is his soul which contained all of humanity to come. As for the organic unity of ideas, we seized the entire economy if we remember that Sarim which are personified, for Judaism, both ministers of the court Heavenly - hence arises the idea that people historically descended from a common ancestor - the different parts of the Shekina , the divine in the world, what unites all nations as parts of Adam's body and finally, the elements of the Logos, so that all humanity as it blends perfectly into a single consciousness.

Kabbalah has figured it all in a Illan , or family tree, graphical representation of Sephiroth to each of which is attached one of the great peoples of history, Egypt, Babylon , Persians, Medes, Greece, pagan Rome and Christianity, and Islam [12]. It's like an abstract painting in the whole philosophy of history.


References

  1. Page 387
  2. Scientific Review , 1875, p. 677
  3. Philosophical Review , Ann. 1885, p. 337
  4. Ibid. V. Fouille, synthetic view on the sociology, p. 387.
  5. Page 388
  6. di metafisico, tomo II, libro. V.
  7. Page 389
  8. Review Two Worlds, 1875, p. 575.
  9. Page 390
  10. V. Philosophical Schools of Italy. Ann. X Feb. 1879, p. 299.
  11. Page 391
  12. V. the commentary on the Zohar Mikdasch Melech, Volume I, p. 39.